ФЕНОМЕН FAKE NEWS ИНФОРМАЦИОННОГО / ЦИФРОВОГО ОБЩЕСТВА В ДИСКУРСЕ СЕТЕВОГО БЫТИЯ
Аннотация
Статья посвящена исследованию явления fake news. В основе работы лежит тезис об осмыслении категории fake news как феномена современного общества в категориях информационного/сетевого общества, в которой существенная часть коммуникаций принимает сетевую форму. Авторами проведен анализ реакции пользователей социальной сети Facebook на материалы сатирического издания, как пример аксиально детерминированного восприятия информации.
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Литература
1. Ahmadeev, K. N. & Bresler, M. G. (2021). Analiz Fake News v diskurse setevogo bytiya [Analysis of Fake Nevs in the discourse of network existence]. Pol'zovatel'skij kontent v sovremennoj kommunikacii: Sbornik materialov I Mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii (CHelyabinsk, 22–23 aprelya 2021 g.) / sost. I. V. Topchii [User Content in Modern Communication: Collection of Materials of the I International Scientific and Practical Conference (Chelyabinsk, April 22–23, 2021) / comp. I. V. Topchii]. Chelyabinsk, Izdatel'stvo CHelyabinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, pp. 273–276. (in Russ.)
2. Bebich, D. & Volarevich, M. (2018). Novye problemy – starye resheniya? Kriticheskij vzglyad na doklad Ekspertnoj gruppy vysokogo urovnya Evropejskoj komissii o fejkovyh novostyah i onlajn dezinformacii [New problems - old solutions? A Critical Look at the European Commission High Level Panel Report on Fake News and Online Disinformation]. Vestnik Rossijskogo universiteta druzhby narodov. Seriya: Politologiya [RUDN Journal of Political Science], Moscow, 20 (3), pp. 447–460. (in Russ.)
3. Baudrillard, J. (2016). Vojna v zalivy kotoroj ne bylo: perevod s franc. Kachalov, A. [The Gulf War Did Not Take Place] Sig.ma, available at: https://syg.ma/@exsi-exsistencia/zhan-bodriiiar-voiny-v-zalivie-nie-bylo (accessed: 30.04.2021).
4. Vojtovich, A. (2018). Franciya reshila ob"yavit' vojnu fejkovym novostyam. [France decided to declare war on fake news]. BBC News, available at: https://www.bbc.com/russian/features-43342599 (accessed: 18.01.2021). (in Russ.)
5. Glava diplomatii ES nazval Rossiyu «opasnym sosedom» (2021). [EU head of diplomacy calls Russia "dangerous neighbor"]. RBK, available at: https://www.rbc.ru/rbcfreenews/605b09fa9a794744edc99783 (accessed: 11.05.2021). (in Russ.)
6. Kalukov, E. (2021). Glava MID Britanii predlozhil G7 vmeste borot'sya s fejkami iz Rossii [The British Foreign Minister invited the G7 to fight fakes from Russia together]. RBK, available at: https://www.rbc.ru/politics/02/05/2021/608e6c2f9a79476073cdb7a8?%3Futm_source=facebook&utm_medium=social&fbclid=IwAR2DoRXCooPWij_M6cNz1rg8dpAgBxUuz3vbzLb2y-TdYrEOsc1IDYpwRWs (accessed: 12.05.2021). (in Russ.)
7. Gontermaher, B. (2021). YAponiya ob"yavila v rozysk dvuh grazhdan Rossii po podozreniyu v prichastnosti k zemletryaseniyu 2011 goda [Japan has put two Russian citizens on the wanted list on suspicion of involvement in the 2011 earthquake]. Panorama – satiricheskoe izdanie. [Panorama], available at: https://panorama.pub/news/yaponiya-obyavila-v-rozysk-dvux-grazhdan-rossii-po-podozreniyu-v-prichastnosti-k-zemletryaseniyu-2011-goda (accessed: 29.04.2021). (in Russ.)
8. Demidov, A. (2021). Zaharova otvetila glave MID Britanii slovami svyatogo Antoniya [Zakharova replied to the British Foreign Minister with the words of St. Anthony]. Gazeta.ru, available at: https://www.gazeta.ru/politics/news/2021/05/02/n_15933386.shtml (accessed: 12.05.2021). (in Russ.)
9. Klyuchnikova, K. A. (2019). Fenomen fake news v sovremennyh SMI SHA [ Fake News Phenomenon in modern USA Media]. Vek informacii (Setevoe izdanie) [Information Age (online media)], T. 3, 3 (8). DOI: https://doi.org/10.33941/age-info.com33(8)3. (in Russ.)
10. Kobzev, V. (2021). Fenomen uspekha Panoramy v tom, chto oni operezhayut sobytiya, a ne delayut «fejkovye novosti», kak kazhetsya nekotorym [The phenomenon of Panorama's success is that they are ahead of events, and do not make "fake news", as it seems to some]. Available at: https://www.facebook.com/kabzon642642/posts/4262952520432227 (accessed: 29.04.2021). (in Russ.)
11. Lasswell, H. (2021). Tekhnika propagandy v mirovoj vojne [Propaganda technique in the World War]. Moskow, Institut nauchnoy informatsii po obshchestvennym naukam RAN, INION RAN, 237 p, available at: http://inion.ru/site/assets/files/6020/2021_lassuell.pdf (accessed: 18.01.2021). (in Russ.)
12. Makarenko, G. (2017). Kak rossijskie SMI vmeshalis' v predvybornuyu gonku vo Francii [How Russian media intervened in the election race in France]. RBK, available at: https://www.rbc.ru/politics/14/02/2017/58a2f9f79a7947fedea4a566 (accessed: 18.01.2021). (in Russ.)
13. Negrov, E. O. (2017). Fejk kak sistemoobrazuyushchij priznak politicheskogo diskursa: transformaciya osnovnyh translyatorov [Fake as a system-forming feature of political discourse: transformation of the main translators]. Politika postpravdy v sovremennom mire : Sbornik materialov po itogam Vserossijskoj nauchnoj konferencii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem «Politika postpravdy i populizm v sovremennom mire» 22–23 sentyabrya 2017 goda [User Content in Post-truth politics in the modern world: Collection of materials on the results of the All-Russian scientific conference with international participation "Post-truth politics and populism in the modern world" September 22-23, 2017]. St. Petersburg, pp. 151–154. (in Russ.)
14. Proshina, M. V. (2019). Fake news kak novyj trend v politicheskih kommunikaciyah [Fake News as a New Trend in Political Communication]. Nauchnyy zhurnal Diskurs-Pi [Diskurs-Pi], 3 (36), pp. 164–171. DOI: 10.24411/1817-9568-2019-10311. (in Russ.)
15. Roskomnadzor prinyal mery k 1670 sajtam za fejki (2020). [Roskomnadzor takes action against 1,670 sites for fakes]. Izvestiya [News], available at: https://iz.ru/1103009/video/roskomnadzor-prinial-mery-k-1670-saitam-za-feiki (accessed: 10.01.2021). (in Russ.)
16. Rubenschtein, B. (2020). XX s"ezd Respublikanskoj partii SSHA razvenchal kul't lichnosti Donal'da Trampa [XX Congress of the US Republican Party debunked the personality cult of Donald Trump]. Panorama – satiricheskoe izdanie [Panorama]. available at: https://panorama.pub/51895-xx-sezd-respublikanskoj-partii.html (accessed: 10.01.2021). (in Russ.)
17. CHto takoe fejkovye novosti i kak za nih budut nakazyvat'? (2019). [What is fake news and how will they be punished for it?]. Oficial'nyj sajt Gosudarstvennoj Dumy Federal'nogo Sobraniya Rossijskoj Federacii [The State Duma]. Available at: http://duma.gov.ru/news/29982/ (accessed: 17.01.2021). (in Russ.)
18. Allcott, H. Gentzkow, M. (2017). Social media and fake news in the 2016 election. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 31 (2), pp. 211–236.
19. RT France (2010). Assange : WikiLeaks a trouvé des informations sur Macron dans des emails de Clinton. RT France. Available at: https://francais.rt.com/france/33403-wikileaks-macron-clinton-email-assange (accessed: 18.01.2021).
20. Bhaskaran, H., Mishra, H. & Nair, P. (2017). Contextualizing Fake News in Post-truth Era: Journalism Education in India. Asia Pacific Media Educator, 27 (1), pp. 41–50.
21. Collisson, W. (2021). Ethics in the News Podcast: Misinformation in the mainstream media. Ethical Journalism Network. Available at: http://ethicaljournalismnetwork.org/tag/fake-news (accessed: 25.04.2018).
22. Gentzkow, M. & Shapiro, J. M. (2005). Media Bias and Reputation. NBER Working Paper No. w11664. Available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=819825 (accessed: 11.01.2021).
23. Lazarsfeld, P. (2004). Mass Communication, Popular Taste, and Organized Social Action. New York, John Wileyand Sons, Inc., 432 p.
24. Levy, D., Newman, N., Fletcher, R., Nielsen, R. & Kalogeropoulos, A. (2017). Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2017. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. Oxford, 136 p. Available at: https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/Digital%20News%20Report%202017%20web_0.pdf (accessed: 18.01.2021).
25. Newman, N. Levy, D., Fletcher, R., Nielsen, R. & Kalogeropoulos (2018). Reuters Institute Digital News Report. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. Oxford, 144 p. Available at: https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/digital-news-report-2018.pdf (accessed: 18.01.2021).
26. Quand internet a de la mémoire : Emmanuel Macron est-il le candidat de SFR Presse et Altice? (2017). RT France. Available at: https://francais.rt.com/france/33751-emmanuel-macron-candidat-altice-patrick-drahi (accessed: 18.01.2021).
27. Readout of the telephone conversation between President Charles Michel and Russian President Vladimir Putin (2021). European Council. Council of the European Union. Available at: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2021/03/22/readout-of-the-telephone-conversation-between-president-charles-michel-and-russian-president-vladimir-putin/ (accessed: 11.05.2021).
28. Ries, T. E. 2018 (2018). Edelman Trust Barometer Global Report. Available at: https://www.edelman.com/sites/g/files/aatuss191/files/2018-10/2018_Edelman_Trust_Barometer_Global_Report_FEB.pdf. (accessed: 18.01.2021).
29. Sapir, J. (2017). Que signifie la candidature d’Emmanuel Macron? Sputnik France. Available at: https://fr.sputniknews.com/points_de_vue/201702131030063097-france-elections-candidature-macron/ (accessed: 18.01.2021).
30. Siegel, B. (2017). Facebook turns over thousands of Russia-linked ads to Congress. abcNEWS. Available at: https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/facebook-turns-thousands-russia-linked-ads-congress/story?id=50226525 (accessed: 12.05.2021).
31. Zoonen, L. (2012). I-Pistemology: Changing truth claims in popular and political culture. European Journal of Communication, 27, pp. 56–67. DOI: 10.1177/0267323112438808.
2. Bebich, D. & Volarevich, M. (2018). Novye problemy – starye resheniya? Kriticheskij vzglyad na doklad Ekspertnoj gruppy vysokogo urovnya Evropejskoj komissii o fejkovyh novostyah i onlajn dezinformacii [New problems - old solutions? A Critical Look at the European Commission High Level Panel Report on Fake News and Online Disinformation]. Vestnik Rossijskogo universiteta druzhby narodov. Seriya: Politologiya [RUDN Journal of Political Science], Moscow, 20 (3), pp. 447–460. (in Russ.)
3. Baudrillard, J. (2016). Vojna v zalivy kotoroj ne bylo: perevod s franc. Kachalov, A. [The Gulf War Did Not Take Place] Sig.ma, available at: https://syg.ma/@exsi-exsistencia/zhan-bodriiiar-voiny-v-zalivie-nie-bylo (accessed: 30.04.2021).
4. Vojtovich, A. (2018). Franciya reshila ob"yavit' vojnu fejkovym novostyam. [France decided to declare war on fake news]. BBC News, available at: https://www.bbc.com/russian/features-43342599 (accessed: 18.01.2021). (in Russ.)
5. Glava diplomatii ES nazval Rossiyu «opasnym sosedom» (2021). [EU head of diplomacy calls Russia "dangerous neighbor"]. RBK, available at: https://www.rbc.ru/rbcfreenews/605b09fa9a794744edc99783 (accessed: 11.05.2021). (in Russ.)
6. Kalukov, E. (2021). Glava MID Britanii predlozhil G7 vmeste borot'sya s fejkami iz Rossii [The British Foreign Minister invited the G7 to fight fakes from Russia together]. RBK, available at: https://www.rbc.ru/politics/02/05/2021/608e6c2f9a79476073cdb7a8?%3Futm_source=facebook&utm_medium=social&fbclid=IwAR2DoRXCooPWij_M6cNz1rg8dpAgBxUuz3vbzLb2y-TdYrEOsc1IDYpwRWs (accessed: 12.05.2021). (in Russ.)
7. Gontermaher, B. (2021). YAponiya ob"yavila v rozysk dvuh grazhdan Rossii po podozreniyu v prichastnosti k zemletryaseniyu 2011 goda [Japan has put two Russian citizens on the wanted list on suspicion of involvement in the 2011 earthquake]. Panorama – satiricheskoe izdanie. [Panorama], available at: https://panorama.pub/news/yaponiya-obyavila-v-rozysk-dvux-grazhdan-rossii-po-podozreniyu-v-prichastnosti-k-zemletryaseniyu-2011-goda (accessed: 29.04.2021). (in Russ.)
8. Demidov, A. (2021). Zaharova otvetila glave MID Britanii slovami svyatogo Antoniya [Zakharova replied to the British Foreign Minister with the words of St. Anthony]. Gazeta.ru, available at: https://www.gazeta.ru/politics/news/2021/05/02/n_15933386.shtml (accessed: 12.05.2021). (in Russ.)
9. Klyuchnikova, K. A. (2019). Fenomen fake news v sovremennyh SMI SHA [ Fake News Phenomenon in modern USA Media]. Vek informacii (Setevoe izdanie) [Information Age (online media)], T. 3, 3 (8). DOI: https://doi.org/10.33941/age-info.com33(8)3. (in Russ.)
10. Kobzev, V. (2021). Fenomen uspekha Panoramy v tom, chto oni operezhayut sobytiya, a ne delayut «fejkovye novosti», kak kazhetsya nekotorym [The phenomenon of Panorama's success is that they are ahead of events, and do not make "fake news", as it seems to some]. Available at: https://www.facebook.com/kabzon642642/posts/4262952520432227 (accessed: 29.04.2021). (in Russ.)
11. Lasswell, H. (2021). Tekhnika propagandy v mirovoj vojne [Propaganda technique in the World War]. Moskow, Institut nauchnoy informatsii po obshchestvennym naukam RAN, INION RAN, 237 p, available at: http://inion.ru/site/assets/files/6020/2021_lassuell.pdf (accessed: 18.01.2021). (in Russ.)
12. Makarenko, G. (2017). Kak rossijskie SMI vmeshalis' v predvybornuyu gonku vo Francii [How Russian media intervened in the election race in France]. RBK, available at: https://www.rbc.ru/politics/14/02/2017/58a2f9f79a7947fedea4a566 (accessed: 18.01.2021). (in Russ.)
13. Negrov, E. O. (2017). Fejk kak sistemoobrazuyushchij priznak politicheskogo diskursa: transformaciya osnovnyh translyatorov [Fake as a system-forming feature of political discourse: transformation of the main translators]. Politika postpravdy v sovremennom mire : Sbornik materialov po itogam Vserossijskoj nauchnoj konferencii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem «Politika postpravdy i populizm v sovremennom mire» 22–23 sentyabrya 2017 goda [User Content in Post-truth politics in the modern world: Collection of materials on the results of the All-Russian scientific conference with international participation "Post-truth politics and populism in the modern world" September 22-23, 2017]. St. Petersburg, pp. 151–154. (in Russ.)
14. Proshina, M. V. (2019). Fake news kak novyj trend v politicheskih kommunikaciyah [Fake News as a New Trend in Political Communication]. Nauchnyy zhurnal Diskurs-Pi [Diskurs-Pi], 3 (36), pp. 164–171. DOI: 10.24411/1817-9568-2019-10311. (in Russ.)
15. Roskomnadzor prinyal mery k 1670 sajtam za fejki (2020). [Roskomnadzor takes action against 1,670 sites for fakes]. Izvestiya [News], available at: https://iz.ru/1103009/video/roskomnadzor-prinial-mery-k-1670-saitam-za-feiki (accessed: 10.01.2021). (in Russ.)
16. Rubenschtein, B. (2020). XX s"ezd Respublikanskoj partii SSHA razvenchal kul't lichnosti Donal'da Trampa [XX Congress of the US Republican Party debunked the personality cult of Donald Trump]. Panorama – satiricheskoe izdanie [Panorama]. available at: https://panorama.pub/51895-xx-sezd-respublikanskoj-partii.html (accessed: 10.01.2021). (in Russ.)
17. CHto takoe fejkovye novosti i kak za nih budut nakazyvat'? (2019). [What is fake news and how will they be punished for it?]. Oficial'nyj sajt Gosudarstvennoj Dumy Federal'nogo Sobraniya Rossijskoj Federacii [The State Duma]. Available at: http://duma.gov.ru/news/29982/ (accessed: 17.01.2021). (in Russ.)
18. Allcott, H. Gentzkow, M. (2017). Social media and fake news in the 2016 election. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 31 (2), pp. 211–236.
19. RT France (2010). Assange : WikiLeaks a trouvé des informations sur Macron dans des emails de Clinton. RT France. Available at: https://francais.rt.com/france/33403-wikileaks-macron-clinton-email-assange (accessed: 18.01.2021).
20. Bhaskaran, H., Mishra, H. & Nair, P. (2017). Contextualizing Fake News in Post-truth Era: Journalism Education in India. Asia Pacific Media Educator, 27 (1), pp. 41–50.
21. Collisson, W. (2021). Ethics in the News Podcast: Misinformation in the mainstream media. Ethical Journalism Network. Available at: http://ethicaljournalismnetwork.org/tag/fake-news (accessed: 25.04.2018).
22. Gentzkow, M. & Shapiro, J. M. (2005). Media Bias and Reputation. NBER Working Paper No. w11664. Available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=819825 (accessed: 11.01.2021).
23. Lazarsfeld, P. (2004). Mass Communication, Popular Taste, and Organized Social Action. New York, John Wileyand Sons, Inc., 432 p.
24. Levy, D., Newman, N., Fletcher, R., Nielsen, R. & Kalogeropoulos, A. (2017). Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2017. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. Oxford, 136 p. Available at: https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/Digital%20News%20Report%202017%20web_0.pdf (accessed: 18.01.2021).
25. Newman, N. Levy, D., Fletcher, R., Nielsen, R. & Kalogeropoulos (2018). Reuters Institute Digital News Report. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. Oxford, 144 p. Available at: https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/digital-news-report-2018.pdf (accessed: 18.01.2021).
26. Quand internet a de la mémoire : Emmanuel Macron est-il le candidat de SFR Presse et Altice? (2017). RT France. Available at: https://francais.rt.com/france/33751-emmanuel-macron-candidat-altice-patrick-drahi (accessed: 18.01.2021).
27. Readout of the telephone conversation between President Charles Michel and Russian President Vladimir Putin (2021). European Council. Council of the European Union. Available at: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2021/03/22/readout-of-the-telephone-conversation-between-president-charles-michel-and-russian-president-vladimir-putin/ (accessed: 11.05.2021).
28. Ries, T. E. 2018 (2018). Edelman Trust Barometer Global Report. Available at: https://www.edelman.com/sites/g/files/aatuss191/files/2018-10/2018_Edelman_Trust_Barometer_Global_Report_FEB.pdf. (accessed: 18.01.2021).
29. Sapir, J. (2017). Que signifie la candidature d’Emmanuel Macron? Sputnik France. Available at: https://fr.sputniknews.com/points_de_vue/201702131030063097-france-elections-candidature-macron/ (accessed: 18.01.2021).
30. Siegel, B. (2017). Facebook turns over thousands of Russia-linked ads to Congress. abcNEWS. Available at: https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/facebook-turns-thousands-russia-linked-ads-congress/story?id=50226525 (accessed: 12.05.2021).
31. Zoonen, L. (2012). I-Pistemology: Changing truth claims in popular and political culture. European Journal of Communication, 27, pp. 56–67. DOI: 10.1177/0267323112438808.
Опубликована
2021-08-11
Как цитировать
AKHMADEEV, Kamil Nailevich; BRESLER, Mikhail Grigorievich.
ФЕНОМЕН FAKE NEWS ИНФОРМАЦИОННОГО / ЦИФРОВОГО ОБЩЕСТВА В ДИСКУРСЕ СЕТЕВОГО БЫТИЯ.
Знак: проблемное поле медиаобразования, [S.l.], n. 3 (41), p. 91-102, aug. 2021.
ISSN 2949-3641.
Доступно на: <https://journals.csu.ru/index.php/znak/article/view/569>. Дата доступа: 20 june 2025
Раздел
ПУБЛИЧНАЯ СФЕРА В АСПЕКТЕ МАССОВЫХ КОММУНИКАЦИЙ
Ключевые слова
Fake News, ценности, вероятность, кластер, сетевое сообщество, сетевая логика
