РАЗВИТИЕ ДУХОВНЫХ НАВЫКОВ У ЛИЦ, ОСУЩЕСТВЛЯЮЩИХ УХОД ЗА БОЛЬНЫМИ: РОЛЬ ДУХОВНОЙ СУХОСТИ И ЕЕ ПРЕОДОЛЕНИЕ
Аннотация
Лица, ухаживающие за больными на тяжелых стадиях болезни, склонны к духовной сухости, что может снижать их мотивацию к уходу. К настоящему времени роль духовной заботы в процессе выздоровления неизлечимо больных пациентов недостаточно представлена. Цель исследования — привлечь внимание к духовным комплексным методам лечения, которые могут проводиться в больницах лицами, осуществляющими уход. Корреляционное исследование было проведено в частной больнице Пакистана. В выборку вошли 100 сотрудников, осуществляющих уход за тяжелобольными. Методическую базу составили: шкала непостоянства и принятия, шкала духовной сухости, шкала духовной поддержки и шкала реакции на заботу, которые были заполнены с помощью традиционных бумажных опросников. Применялись параметрические тесты. Корреляция по Пирсону констатировала значимую связь между переменными. Множественная линейная регрессия показала, что шкалы непостоянства, принятия и духовной поддержки оказывает значительное положительное влияние на заботу. Многофакторный дисперсионный анализ позволил установить существенное влияние дохода на эти конструкты. Макроанализ по методу Хейса показывает, что духовная сухость оказывает значительное влияние на готовность к заботе и духовной поддержке. Независимый выборочный t-тест показывает, что существуют значимые различия в средних показателях между мужчинами и женщинами: женщины показали более высокие средние баллы по конструктам.
Скачивания
Данные скачивания пока не доступны.
Литература
1. Liefbroer AI, Ganzevoort RR, Olsman E. Addressing the spiritual domain in a plural society: what is the best mode of integrating spiritual care into healthcare? Ment Health Relig Cult. 2019;22(3):244-60. DOI: 10.1080/13674676.2019.1590806.
2. Taylor EJ, Gober-Park C, Schoonover-Shoffner K, Mamier I, Somaiya CK, Bahjri K. Nurse perceptions of providing spiritual conversation and prayer in patient care. J Adv Nurs. 2018;74(10):2381-92.
3. Freitag VL, Andrade A, Badke MR. O Reiki como forma terapêutica no cuidado à saúde: uma revisão narrativa da literatura. Enferm Global. 2015;38:346-56. DOI: 10.6018/eglobal.14.2.200511.
4. Quinn B, Connolly M. Spirituality in palliative care. BMC Palliat Care. 2023;22(1):1. DOI: 10.1186/s12904-022-01116-x.
5. Benites AC, Rodin G, Leite ACAB, Nascimento LC, Dos Santos MA. The experience of spirituality in family caregivers of adult and elderly cancer patients receiving palliative care: A meta‐synthesis. Eur J Cancer Care. 2021;30(4):e13424. DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13424.
6. Kim SS, Reed PG, Hayward RD, Kang Y, Koenig HG. Spirituality and psychological well‐being: Testing a theory of family interdependence among family caregivers and their elders. Res Nurs Health. 2011;34(2):103-15. DOI: 10.1002/nur.20425.
7. de Diego-Cordero R, López-Gómez L, Lucchetti G, Badanta B. Spiritual care in critically ill patients during COVID-19 pandemic. Nurs Outlook. 2022;70(1):64-77. DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2021.06.017.
8. Góes MGOD, Crossetti MDGDO. Developing a spiritual care model for patients and their relatives in illness. Rev Gaúcha Enferm. 2020;41:e20190150. DOI: 10.1590/1983-1447.2020.20190150.
9. Ostaseski F. The Five Invitations: Discovering What Death Can Teach Us About Living Fully. Flatiron Books; 2017.
10. Fernández-Campos S, Roca P, Yaden MB. The impermanence awareness and acceptance scale. Mindfulness. 2021;12:1542-54. DOI: 10.1007/s12671-021-01623-7.
11. Shonin E, Van Gordon W, Griffiths MD. The emerging role of Buddhism in clinical psychology: Toward effective integration. Psychol Relig Spiritual. 2014;6(2):123–37. DOI: 10.1037/a0035859.
12. Bravo AJ, Pearson MR, Wilson AD, Witkiewitz K. When traits match states: Examining the associations between self-report trait and state mindfulness following a state mindfulness induction. Mindfulness. 2018;9(1):199–211. DOI: 10.1007/s12671-017-0763-5.
13. Goldenberg JL, Roberts TA. The beast within the beauty: An existential perspective on the objectification and condemnation of women. In: Greenberg J, Koole SL, Pyszczynski T, editors. Handbook of Experimental Existential Psychology. Guilford Press; 2004.
14. Büssing A, Günther A, Baumann K, Frick E, Jacobs C. Spiritual dryness as a measure of a specific spiritual crisis in Catholic priests: Associations with symptoms of burnout and distress. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:246797. DOI: 10.1155/2013/246797.
15. Moudatsou M, Stavropoulou A, Philalithis A, Koukouli S. The role of empathy in health and social care professionals. Healthcare. 2020;8(1):26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8010026.
16. Siler S, Arora K, Doyon K, Fischer SM. Spirituality and the illness experience: Perspectives of African American older adults. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2021;38(6):618-25. DOI: 10.1177/1049909120988280.
17. Fradelos E, Saridi M, Bakalis V, Toska A, Vus V, Büssing A, Souliotis K. Mental health, quality of life, spiritual dryness and acedia symptoms in patients suffering from chronic diseases. Wiad Lek. 2023;76(6):1332-41.
18. Vem LJ, Ng SI, Sambasivan M, Tee KK. Would perceived organizational spiritual climate matters if spirituality characteristics influenced physicians’ intention to quit? Rev Bras Gest Negoc. 2024;26(4):e20220161. DOI: 10.7819/rbgn.v26i4.4278.
19. Fopka-Kowalczyk M, Best M, Krajnik M. The Spiritual Supporter Scale as a New Tool for Assessing Spiritual Care Competencies in Professionals: Design, Validation, and Psychometric Evaluation. J Relig Health. 2023;62:2081–2111. DOI: 10.1007/s10943-022-01608-3.
20. Ferrell BR, Borneman T, Koczywas M, Galchutt P. Research Synthesis Related to Oncology Family Caregiver Spirituality in Palliative Care. J Palliat Med. 2025;28(1):77-85. DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2024.0209.
21. Uzun U, Başar S, Saritaş A. Spiritual needs of family caregivers in palliative care. BMC Palliat Care. 2024;23(1):256. DOI: 10.1186/s12904-024-01589-y.
22. Assing Hvidt E, Søndergaard J, Hansen DG, Gulbrandsen P, Ammentorp J, Timmermann C, et al. ‘We are the barriers’: Danish general practitioners’ interpretations of why the existential and spiritual dimensions are neglected in patient care. Commun Med. 2017;14:108–20. DOI: 10.1558/cam.32147.
23. Damberg Nissen R, Gildberg F, Hvidt N. Psychiatry, a secular discipline in a postsecular world? A review. Religions. 2018;9(1):32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/rel9010032.
24. O’Malley KA, Qualls SH. Preliminary evidence for the validity and reliability of the caregiver reaction scale. Clin Gerontol. 2017;40(4):281-94.
25. McCarthy B, Timmins F, Eustace‐Cook J, Connolly M. Informal caregivers’ experiences of transitioning during end‐of‐life care — A scoping review. J Adv Nurs. 2024;80(5):1719-31. DOI: 10.1111/jan.15942.
26. Portier C. Heterogeneity in the mental health cost of caring for others. Soc Sci Med. 2023;326:115922. DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115922.
27. Akinwale GA, Ojakorotu V, Gbogboade I. Exploring Psychological Distress, Burden of Care and Emotional Intelligence as Correlates of Psychological Well-being in Family and Non-family Caregivers of Individuals Living with Cannabis-induced Psychotic Disorder. E-J Humanit Arts Soc Sci. 2024:135-48.
28. Balboni MJ, Sullivan A, Amobi A, Phelps AC, Gorman DP, Zollfrank A, et al. Why is spiritual care infrequent at the end of life? Spiritual care perceptions among patients, nurses, and physicians and the role of training. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(4):461-7.
29. Chandler DJ. Pastoral burnout and the impact of personal spiritual renewal, rest-taking, and support system practices. Pastoral Psychol. 2009;58:273-87. DOI: 10.1007/s11089-008-0184-4.
30. Ghorbani M, Mohammadi E, Aghabozorgi R, Ramezani M. Spiritual care interventions in nursing: an integrative literature review. Support Care Cancer. 2021;29:1165-81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-020-05747-9.
31. Gijsberts MHE, Liefbroer AI, Otten R, Olsman E. Spiritual Care in Palliative Care: A Systematic Review of the Recent European Literature. Med Sci. 2019;7(2):25.
32. Zheng Y, Cotton AC, He L, Wuest LG. Spirituality-integrated interventions for caregivers of patients with terminal illness: A systematic review of quantitative outcomes. J Relig Health. 2021;60:2939-59. DOI: 10.1007/s10943-021-01221-w.
33. Gonçalves F, Teixeira MI, Magalhães B. The role of spirituality in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and their caregivers: Scoping review. Palliat Support Care. 2023;21(5):914-24.
34. Khosravi F, Fereidooni-Moghadam M, Mehrabi T, Moosavizade SR. The effect of a spirituality-based program on stress, anxiety, and depression of caregivers of patients with mental disorders in Iran. J Relig Health. 2022;61(6):5003-18. DOI: 10.1007/s10943-021-01372-w.
35. Bridges W. Managing Transitions: Making the Most of Change. DaCapo Press; 1991.
36. Hudson J, Reblin M, Clayton M, Ellington L. Addressing cancer patient and caregiver role transitions during home hospice nursing care. Palliat Support Care. 2019;17(5):523–30. DOI: 10.1017/S1478951518000214.
37. Svec J, Nemmers N, Lee JE. Support for family caregivers: Implications of work strain and its intersections with formal and informal help. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2024;79(8):gbae087. DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbae087.
38. Liu Y, Dokos M, Fauth EB, Lee YG, Zarit SH. Financial strain, employment, and role captivity and overload over time among dementia family caregivers. Gerontologist. 2019;59(5):e512-e520. DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnz099.
39. Lourenço TMG, Abreu-Figueiredo RMS, Sá LO. Clinical validation of the nanda-i” caregiver role strain” nursing diagnosis in the context of palliative care. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2021;30:e20200549. DOI: 10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2020-0549.
40. Stanley S. Family Caregiving: An Overview of Key Elements. In: Stanley S, editor. International Perspectives on Family Caregiving. Emerald Publishing Limited; 2025. p. 1-22. DOI: 10.1108/978-1-83549-612-120251001.
41. Domaradzki J, Walkowiak D. «In God We Trust»: An Exploratory Study of the Associations Between Religiosity and the Caregiving Experiences of Parents of Children with Rare Diseases in Poland. J Relig Health. 2024. DOI: 10.1007/s10943-024-02095-4.
2. Taylor EJ, Gober-Park C, Schoonover-Shoffner K, Mamier I, Somaiya CK, Bahjri K. Nurse perceptions of providing spiritual conversation and prayer in patient care. J Adv Nurs. 2018;74(10):2381-92.
3. Freitag VL, Andrade A, Badke MR. O Reiki como forma terapêutica no cuidado à saúde: uma revisão narrativa da literatura. Enferm Global. 2015;38:346-56. DOI: 10.6018/eglobal.14.2.200511.
4. Quinn B, Connolly M. Spirituality in palliative care. BMC Palliat Care. 2023;22(1):1. DOI: 10.1186/s12904-022-01116-x.
5. Benites AC, Rodin G, Leite ACAB, Nascimento LC, Dos Santos MA. The experience of spirituality in family caregivers of adult and elderly cancer patients receiving palliative care: A meta‐synthesis. Eur J Cancer Care. 2021;30(4):e13424. DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13424.
6. Kim SS, Reed PG, Hayward RD, Kang Y, Koenig HG. Spirituality and psychological well‐being: Testing a theory of family interdependence among family caregivers and their elders. Res Nurs Health. 2011;34(2):103-15. DOI: 10.1002/nur.20425.
7. de Diego-Cordero R, López-Gómez L, Lucchetti G, Badanta B. Spiritual care in critically ill patients during COVID-19 pandemic. Nurs Outlook. 2022;70(1):64-77. DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2021.06.017.
8. Góes MGOD, Crossetti MDGDO. Developing a spiritual care model for patients and their relatives in illness. Rev Gaúcha Enferm. 2020;41:e20190150. DOI: 10.1590/1983-1447.2020.20190150.
9. Ostaseski F. The Five Invitations: Discovering What Death Can Teach Us About Living Fully. Flatiron Books; 2017.
10. Fernández-Campos S, Roca P, Yaden MB. The impermanence awareness and acceptance scale. Mindfulness. 2021;12:1542-54. DOI: 10.1007/s12671-021-01623-7.
11. Shonin E, Van Gordon W, Griffiths MD. The emerging role of Buddhism in clinical psychology: Toward effective integration. Psychol Relig Spiritual. 2014;6(2):123–37. DOI: 10.1037/a0035859.
12. Bravo AJ, Pearson MR, Wilson AD, Witkiewitz K. When traits match states: Examining the associations between self-report trait and state mindfulness following a state mindfulness induction. Mindfulness. 2018;9(1):199–211. DOI: 10.1007/s12671-017-0763-5.
13. Goldenberg JL, Roberts TA. The beast within the beauty: An existential perspective on the objectification and condemnation of women. In: Greenberg J, Koole SL, Pyszczynski T, editors. Handbook of Experimental Existential Psychology. Guilford Press; 2004.
14. Büssing A, Günther A, Baumann K, Frick E, Jacobs C. Spiritual dryness as a measure of a specific spiritual crisis in Catholic priests: Associations with symptoms of burnout and distress. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:246797. DOI: 10.1155/2013/246797.
15. Moudatsou M, Stavropoulou A, Philalithis A, Koukouli S. The role of empathy in health and social care professionals. Healthcare. 2020;8(1):26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8010026.
16. Siler S, Arora K, Doyon K, Fischer SM. Spirituality and the illness experience: Perspectives of African American older adults. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2021;38(6):618-25. DOI: 10.1177/1049909120988280.
17. Fradelos E, Saridi M, Bakalis V, Toska A, Vus V, Büssing A, Souliotis K. Mental health, quality of life, spiritual dryness and acedia symptoms in patients suffering from chronic diseases. Wiad Lek. 2023;76(6):1332-41.
18. Vem LJ, Ng SI, Sambasivan M, Tee KK. Would perceived organizational spiritual climate matters if spirituality characteristics influenced physicians’ intention to quit? Rev Bras Gest Negoc. 2024;26(4):e20220161. DOI: 10.7819/rbgn.v26i4.4278.
19. Fopka-Kowalczyk M, Best M, Krajnik M. The Spiritual Supporter Scale as a New Tool for Assessing Spiritual Care Competencies in Professionals: Design, Validation, and Psychometric Evaluation. J Relig Health. 2023;62:2081–2111. DOI: 10.1007/s10943-022-01608-3.
20. Ferrell BR, Borneman T, Koczywas M, Galchutt P. Research Synthesis Related to Oncology Family Caregiver Spirituality in Palliative Care. J Palliat Med. 2025;28(1):77-85. DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2024.0209.
21. Uzun U, Başar S, Saritaş A. Spiritual needs of family caregivers in palliative care. BMC Palliat Care. 2024;23(1):256. DOI: 10.1186/s12904-024-01589-y.
22. Assing Hvidt E, Søndergaard J, Hansen DG, Gulbrandsen P, Ammentorp J, Timmermann C, et al. ‘We are the barriers’: Danish general practitioners’ interpretations of why the existential and spiritual dimensions are neglected in patient care. Commun Med. 2017;14:108–20. DOI: 10.1558/cam.32147.
23. Damberg Nissen R, Gildberg F, Hvidt N. Psychiatry, a secular discipline in a postsecular world? A review. Religions. 2018;9(1):32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/rel9010032.
24. O’Malley KA, Qualls SH. Preliminary evidence for the validity and reliability of the caregiver reaction scale. Clin Gerontol. 2017;40(4):281-94.
25. McCarthy B, Timmins F, Eustace‐Cook J, Connolly M. Informal caregivers’ experiences of transitioning during end‐of‐life care — A scoping review. J Adv Nurs. 2024;80(5):1719-31. DOI: 10.1111/jan.15942.
26. Portier C. Heterogeneity in the mental health cost of caring for others. Soc Sci Med. 2023;326:115922. DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115922.
27. Akinwale GA, Ojakorotu V, Gbogboade I. Exploring Psychological Distress, Burden of Care and Emotional Intelligence as Correlates of Psychological Well-being in Family and Non-family Caregivers of Individuals Living with Cannabis-induced Psychotic Disorder. E-J Humanit Arts Soc Sci. 2024:135-48.
28. Balboni MJ, Sullivan A, Amobi A, Phelps AC, Gorman DP, Zollfrank A, et al. Why is spiritual care infrequent at the end of life? Spiritual care perceptions among patients, nurses, and physicians and the role of training. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(4):461-7.
29. Chandler DJ. Pastoral burnout and the impact of personal spiritual renewal, rest-taking, and support system practices. Pastoral Psychol. 2009;58:273-87. DOI: 10.1007/s11089-008-0184-4.
30. Ghorbani M, Mohammadi E, Aghabozorgi R, Ramezani M. Spiritual care interventions in nursing: an integrative literature review. Support Care Cancer. 2021;29:1165-81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-020-05747-9.
31. Gijsberts MHE, Liefbroer AI, Otten R, Olsman E. Spiritual Care in Palliative Care: A Systematic Review of the Recent European Literature. Med Sci. 2019;7(2):25.
32. Zheng Y, Cotton AC, He L, Wuest LG. Spirituality-integrated interventions for caregivers of patients with terminal illness: A systematic review of quantitative outcomes. J Relig Health. 2021;60:2939-59. DOI: 10.1007/s10943-021-01221-w.
33. Gonçalves F, Teixeira MI, Magalhães B. The role of spirituality in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and their caregivers: Scoping review. Palliat Support Care. 2023;21(5):914-24.
34. Khosravi F, Fereidooni-Moghadam M, Mehrabi T, Moosavizade SR. The effect of a spirituality-based program on stress, anxiety, and depression of caregivers of patients with mental disorders in Iran. J Relig Health. 2022;61(6):5003-18. DOI: 10.1007/s10943-021-01372-w.
35. Bridges W. Managing Transitions: Making the Most of Change. DaCapo Press; 1991.
36. Hudson J, Reblin M, Clayton M, Ellington L. Addressing cancer patient and caregiver role transitions during home hospice nursing care. Palliat Support Care. 2019;17(5):523–30. DOI: 10.1017/S1478951518000214.
37. Svec J, Nemmers N, Lee JE. Support for family caregivers: Implications of work strain and its intersections with formal and informal help. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2024;79(8):gbae087. DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbae087.
38. Liu Y, Dokos M, Fauth EB, Lee YG, Zarit SH. Financial strain, employment, and role captivity and overload over time among dementia family caregivers. Gerontologist. 2019;59(5):e512-e520. DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnz099.
39. Lourenço TMG, Abreu-Figueiredo RMS, Sá LO. Clinical validation of the nanda-i” caregiver role strain” nursing diagnosis in the context of palliative care. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2021;30:e20200549. DOI: 10.1590/1980-265X-TCE-2020-0549.
40. Stanley S. Family Caregiving: An Overview of Key Elements. In: Stanley S, editor. International Perspectives on Family Caregiving. Emerald Publishing Limited; 2025. p. 1-22. DOI: 10.1108/978-1-83549-612-120251001.
41. Domaradzki J, Walkowiak D. «In God We Trust»: An Exploratory Study of the Associations Between Religiosity and the Caregiving Experiences of Parents of Children with Rare Diseases in Poland. J Relig Health. 2024. DOI: 10.1007/s10943-024-02095-4.
Опубликована
2026-01-14
Как цитировать
АЛИ, Юмна.
РАЗВИТИЕ ДУХОВНЫХ НАВЫКОВ У ЛИЦ, ОСУЩЕСТВЛЯЮЩИХ УХОД ЗА БОЛЬНЫМИ: РОЛЬ ДУХОВНОЙ СУХОСТИ И ЕЕ ПРЕОДОЛЕНИЕ.
Вестник Челябинского государственного университета. Образование и здравоохранение, [S.l.], n. 3(31), p. 50-58, jan. 2026.
ISSN 2409-4102. Доступно на: <https://journals.csu.ru/index.php/vcsu_eh/article/view/3131>. Дата доступа: 14 apr. 2026
Раздел
Статьи
Ключевые слова
духовная сухость, поддержка, забота, принятие, непостоянство
Это произведение доступно по лицензии Creative Commons «Attribution-NonCommercial» («Атрибуция — Некоммерческое использование») 4.0 Всемирная.
