THE PROBLEM OF BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL IN RUSSIAN PHILOSOPHY OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE XX CENTURY AND THE BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURY

HISTORICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYTICAL REVIEW

Abstract

The article shows a historical retrospective of ideas in the domestic philosophical thought of the second half of the 20th century — the beginning of the 21st century, aff ecting the problem of the interaction of biological and social aspects of human development, as well as epistemological and ontological reasons for their appearance. The first historical and philosophical analysis of the problem of the relationship between the biological and the social in the works of Russian thinkers of the second half of the 20th century — the beginning of the 21st century is presented. As part of the analytical review, modern scientifi c publications were tested for the first time in their historical relationship with previous scientifi c research. All this is the exceptional value and novelty of this scientific research. As a result of the analysis, it can be assumed that the presented problems were noted in the works of domestic researchers and, perhaps, their fi rst thoughts arose even earlier than those of foreign scientists; in domestic thought, the problem of interaction between biological and social was interpreted as “coevolution”, and in the works of foreign researchers it was designated as “the theory of gene-cultural evolution”. Consideration of the problem made it possible to reveal that the hypothesis of gene-cultural relationship was the initial stage in the formation and development of such a scientifi c and academic direction as sociobiology, and which is determined by its kind of inherent immanence. All this also determines the exceptional value and novelty of the presented scientifi c analysis. The study of the laws of heredity and the basic principles of evolution of both humanity and all animal and plant organisms of the ecosystem actualizes the importance of developing a methodology with which it becomes possible to know the natural mechanisms of interdependence and complementarity that are happening around us, to comprehend the technology of the emergence and development of life from the position of philosophy.