STRUCTURAL SHIFTS IN THE LABOR MARKET OF THE SUBJECTS OF THE URAL FEDERAL DISTRICT

Abstract

 In the context of a rapidly changing world order, due to the redistribution of factors of production, the struggle for appropriation, development and their effective use, the issue of determining Russia’s place in the global division of labor is a priority. The economic sanctions imposed on the Russian economy as a result of geo­political exacerbations have created many new challenges. One of these challenges is to ensure rational employment of the population, create and maintain a balanced demand and supply of labor in the labor market, and apply preemp­tive action to prevent mass unemployment, which is an integral part of ensuring national security. The purpose of the study is to analyze the sectoral structure of employment of the subjects of the Ural Federal District, to determine the professional and qualification composition of the labor force and the level of education in relation to the dynamics of the unemployment rate. The analysis of the sectoral structure of employment of the subjects of the Ural Federal District was carried out, as well as its professional and qualification composition, the level of education in relation to the dynamics of the unemployment rate were analyzed. It was revealed that the number of the labor force is de­clining in all subjects of the Ural Federal District, the largest reduction dynamics in the Chelyabinsk and Sverd­lovsk regions, and the smallest in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The unemployment rate in the Ural Federal District has decreased relative to the previous year, of which the largest problems are observed in the Chelyabinsk region. The highest number of unemployed remains in the Sverdlovsk region, and the lowest in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. A high level of participation of graduates with higher and secondary vocational education in the labor force of the subjects of the Ural Federal District was also revealed, but at the same time, among graduates with higher education, there is a high level of unemployment in the Chelyabinsk region, and the minimum in the Kurgan region. Among gradu­ates with a secondary special education, the picture is opposite, in the Sverdlovsk region the unemployment rate is the lowest, and in the Kurgan region the highest.