ORTHODOX “GAZELLES” DURING THE PANDEMIC AS JOB GENERATORS: RUSSIAN CASE
Abstract
The pandemic has become a serious challenge, acting as a litmus test for the success and sustainability factor in economic growth, creating a significant part of new jobs. If this function of “gazelles” persists during the crisis, then such firms should be supported by the state for a quick exit from it. At the same time, high-growth firms are heterogeneous and are divided into orthodox, having internal growth factors, and unorthodox, receiving benefits from outside. The purpose of the study is to identify differences in the ability to preserve and create jobs in Russian high-growth firms compared to other firms. The research methodology is based on existing methods of high-growth firms identifying, the author’s typology of the HGFs. The assessment of firms’ ability to grow and financial efficiency is based on well-known approaches to assessing the financial condition of a company. Based on official statistics and tax reporting, a sample of 4,420 firms was formed, high-growth firms were identified and their typology was carried out, with the allocation of orthodox ones. Significant differences in the preservation and creation of jobs by “gazelles” and normal firms were revealed both under normal conditions and in the context of the pandemic crisis. It was found that orthodox gazelles were as effective in preserving and creating jobs under the pandemic as non-orthodox ones. The results of the study can be used by government agencies to improve policies in the field of industrial development and economic growth.
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References
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2. Земцов С. П., Маскаев А. Ф. Быстрорастущие фирмы в России: характеристики и факторы роста // Инновации. 2018. № 6. С. 30–38.
3. Плетнёв Д. А., Козлова Е. В., Наумова К. А. «Ген» успешности: чему национальные быстрорастущие компании могут научить российский бизнес в современных условиях // π-Economy. 2022. № 4. С. 49–67.
4. Российские быстрорастущие компании: Размер популяции, инновационность, отношение к господдержке / Д. С. Медовников, С. Д. Розмирович, Т. К. Оганесян, А. К. Степанов, Е. С. Шишов; под общ. ред. Д. С. Медовникова, С. Д . Розмировича ; Нац. исслед. ун-т «Высшая школа экономики». М. : НИУ ВШЭ, 2021. 104 с.
5. Юданов А. Ю. Покорители «голубых океанов» (фирмы-«газели» в России) // Конкурентные стратегии и тактики. 2010. № 2 (20). С. 27–48.
6. Юданов А. Ю., Яковлев А. А. «Неортодоксальные» быстрорастущие фирмы-«газели» и порядок ограниченного доступа // Вопросы экономики. 2018. № 3. С. 80–101.
7. Audretsch D. B. Determinants of High-Growth Entrepreneurship. Copenhagen, 2012. 37 p.
8. Bannò M., Varum C. A. Champions during Crises Scenarios: High Growth and Persistent High Growth Firms // Research in Applied Economics. 2021. № 13 (2). DOI:10.5296/rae.v13i2.17461.
9. Benedetti Fasil, C., Domnick, C., del Rio, J-C., Fákó, P., Flachenecker, F., Gavigan, J. P., Janiri, M. L., Stamenov, B., Testa, G. High Growth Enterprises in the COVID-19 Crisis Context demographics, environmental innovations, digitalization, finance and policy measures. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2021. DOI:10.2760/63402.
10. Brown, J. D. Earle J. S. et. al. High-Growth Entrepreneurship. IZA Discussion Paper No. 11662. 2021. DOI:10.2139/ssrn.3217478.
11. Coad A., Cowling M., Siepel J. Growth processes of high-growth firms as a four-dimensional chicken and egg // Industrial and Corporate Change. 2017. № 26 (4). Р. 537–554. DOI:10.1093/icc/dtw040.
12. Coad A., Amaral-Garcia, S., Bauer, P., Domnick, C., Harasztosi, P., Pal, R., Teruel, M. High-Growth Enterprises in times of COVID-19: an overview. JRC Working Papers on Corporate R&D and Innovation. Seville: European Commission, 2022.
13. Daunfeldt S.-O., Halvarsson D. Are High-Growth Firms One-Hit Wonders? Evidence from Sweden // Small Business Economics. 2015. № 44 (2). Р. 361–83.
14. Eklund C. M. Why do some SME’s become high-growth firms? The role of employee competences” // Journal of Intellectual Capital. 2020. № 21 (5). Р. 691–707. DOI:10.1108/JIC-07-2019-0188.
15. Erhardt E.C. Measuring the persistence of high firm growth: choices and consequences // Small Bus Econ. 2021. № 56. Р. 451–478. DOI:10.1007/s11187-019-00229-7.
16. Goswami G. A., Medvedev D., Olafsen E. High-Growth Firms: Facts, Fiction, and Policy Options for Emerging Economies. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2019.
17. Haltiwanger J., Jarmin R. S., Kulick R., Miranda J. High-Growth Firms: Contribution to Job, Output and Productivity Growth. In Measuring Entrepreneurial Businesses: Current Knowledge and Challenges, edited by John Haltiwanger, Erik Hurst, Javier Miranda, and Antoinette Schoar. National Bureau of Economic Research Studies in Income and Wealth. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 2017. Рр. 11–62.
18. Mogos S., Davis A., Baptista R. High and sustainable growth: Persistence, volatility, and survival of high growth firms // Eurasian Business Review. 2021. № 11 (1). Р. 135–161. DOI:10.1007/s40821-020-00161-x.
19. Pletnev D., Naumova K. Russian transport high-growth firms during the COVID-19 pandemic // Transportation Research Procedia. 2022. № 63. Р. 2542-2549. DOI:10.1016/j.trpro.2022.06.293.
20. Pletnev D., Naumova K. High-Growth Middle-Sized Firms’ Performance During the Pandemic (Russian Case) // International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management. 2023a. Vol. 20 (05). # 2350031.
21. Pletnev D., Naumova K. Cross-Industrial Analysis of High-Growth Firm Performance During the Pandemic: Middle-Sized Russian Firms’ Evidence // Eurasian Studies in Business and Economics. 2023b. № 26. Р. 101–119.
22. Todd A., Taylor B. The baby sharks: Strategies of Britain’s supergrowth companies // Long Range Planning. 1993. № 26 (2). Р. 69–77. DOI:10.1016/0024-6301(93)90137-5.
23. Tsareva A. M., Hazak A. The Limping Gazelles: On the Viability of Estonian Fastest Growing Companies under the Economic Crisis // International Conference on Economics and Finance Research. 2011. Р. 396−399.
24. Krošláková V., Kubičková L., Jurkovičová N. Dynamics of high growth enterprises-”gazelles”-in Czech Republic // Problems and Perspectives in Management. 2015. № 13 (2). С. 27–35.
Published
2025-12-04
How to Cite
ПЛЕТНЁВ, Дмитрий Александрович; ЛИПИНА, Елена Викторовна; НАУМОВА, Ксения Андреевна.
ORTHODOX “GAZELLES” DURING THE PANDEMIC AS JOB GENERATORS: RUSSIAN CASE.
Bulletin of Chelyabinsk State University, [S.l.], n. 11 (505), p. 88-100, dec. 2025.
ISSN 2782-4829.
Available at: <https://journals.csu.ru/index.php/BulletinCSU/article/view/3030>. Date accessed: 17 june 2026.
doi: https://doi.org/10.47475/1994-2796-2025-505-11-88-100.
Section
Статьи
Keywords
high-growth firm
HGF
high-growth company
gazelle
orthodox gazelles
pandemic
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
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